The GPU SIS is devided in 3 complementary sub-projects  :

The three common elements on projects P1, P2 et P3, are very important for the success of the GPU SIS:

• "Smarts sensors" in the broadest sens, will be omnipresents in the development level in fundamental research and their implemantation distributed in all health and well-being systems
• The implemantation of "bioethics" aspects will be imperative on different level depending on projects, on animal and human experimentions aspects and people assistance application
• Complexity of SIS project, because of the variety of implemanted discipline and of transfert to products and services, will require a effective approach of internal "innovation management" 

P1 – Physical-biological interfaces

This projectis about present materials near every physical-biological interface : biological tissue, transducer, conditioner. Using the most advanced experimental and theorical procedures of biology and biophysics, using masteries of integration technology and on baord treatment, this will aim to study some biological mecanism, in particular their electrical signature, in order to develop potential therapy and diagnosis application. This way, new innovative health devices can be developed, on on board system or integrated circuits, in network or not, realizing inter alia measures of biological parameters and their analysis in real time. Acquired experiencein bioelectromagnetism will serve to test safety, which means harmfulness of devices emitting electromagnetics fields, near or on corpse. Work in rogress about conception et realisation of high sensibility sensors, with low consumption and small size will provide precious tools for this project and for P2 and P3 projects.

Example: the BRET - Yann Percherancier, cellular biologist researcher, BioEM team

The BRET is a biophysic technic which allows, because of bioluminecent signals acquisition, to measure on molecular level interaction and activity of cellular componant in real time and on living cells. This technic is extremly simple to implement, very cheap, and is accepted and used par the industrial world in the screening framework of new drugs. Today, we can evolve the BRET technic to a multiplexed reading mode (many sensors read by sample on n way, all at the same time) which allow to realise screening of chemical components with a better performance than what existing today. In the bioelectromagnetism field, we use the BRET to test potentials effects of environmental radiofrequency field on heat receving proteins activity.

Example of an intermolecular energy transfert between two protein merged to groups Luc et YFP. Typically, a energy transfert will intervene between two groups if the distance between the energy donor and the energy acceptor is under 10 nm. This energy transfert will be manifest by a fluorescence emission at the long wave of the acceptor.

P2 - Help to diagnosis and decision

This project is about the treatment needed to implement the tintelligence in developed systems. This intelligence include adaptation capacity which is particularly required when we consider the variability of the environment biologic and human. This sub-project is the opportunity to regroup complementary approaches in order to provide estimation tools of biologic or comportemental parameters. For this, signals and pictures analysis methods from differents sensors will be implemented to extract intresting informations to help diagnosis. This first step will be followed by the decision helping based on intelligent actuator. One of the objectives in to merge all available informations.

Among the intresting approaches, we can quote the bio-inspired calcul alternative, using emerging componant proprieties, as memristors which serve to stock information. And among the applications, THz imaging for tumors and modelling of biologic system operation in models with few parameters can be exploited in real time to represent thermal waste in lungs

Example : NearSense : Terahertz (THz) radiation application to cancerouos tissu analysis. The quasi-optical impulse approach with integrates sensors.– Jean-Paull Guillet, chercheur terahertz, équipe Laser

Diagnosis of exeresis margins is an important element in the medical process after a surgery for a breast cancer. While the classic process of pathologist is hours long, a quicker method will be usefull. The proposed approach in this project is throught THz imaging with two parts, first via a impulse system and then via an integrated system. In a first time, the temporal system is working from a femtosecond laser and from a photoconductive antenna use for imaging from 100GHz to 4 THz. The purpose is to switch to the frequency domain and to appear a contraste revealing the cancer area. In a second time, this project is about to develop integrated sensors based on resonator which allow de ake imaging in close field. The development of these sensors may be optimized depending on frequency providing contrast from work in impulse system. This project is in collaboration with the IMS (nanoelctronic team), the Bergonié institut and the Wuppertal university.

Left :  Visible picture of an sample with tumoral area. Right, 2 THz picture showing this areas

P3 - Support system for health and well living 

This sub-project is about to participate, in a major ad original way, to the conception and to the implementation of complex system based on intelligents sensors and systems to help old people (Silver economy : economy serving old peolpe), ill or handicaped, farsighted an upstream inclusion of uses and users of assistance system. Based on acquired experience in cognitique, the study of human factor (in term of constraints cognitives and/or sensorial) depending on uses will be necessary to permit an acceptability and a appropriation of this systems by finals users. It will be important to study the aceptability degree of on board devices by patients themselves in order to avoid resistance end rejection. The organisation of these system in process term will be address and optimized. Human science contribution (psychology, cognitique and ergonomics) will be decisive in this project.

Example: HUMO (HUman Monitoring) – Véronique Lespinet-Najib, Human factor researcher, Cognitique team

In cognitique engineering or in human factor engineering it is essential to have the possibility to evaluate the cognitive state of the user. This way, during design phases, conception phases or development phases, we need to be able to measure constraints applied to users because of the concerned technologic system and/or his using environment. This is one of the foundation of a engineering procedure of "user centric conception"

The purpose of the micro-project HUMO (HUman Monitoring - interdisciplinary approach of evaluation of cognitive satet of the user) is to validate a protocol of collection, treatment and interpetation of physiological data to evaluate the user state. The ultimate purpose in long-term is to establish and to describe a potential link of signifiance between physiological data colected and cognitive state of the user.

• Acquisition of the electrical activity of the brain with an EEG helmet 
• Acquisition of "pupillometric" data with an eye tracker type Tobii